20th+Century+British+Literature

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- The Labour Party was created in 1900. As the result of many years of hard effort by working people, trade unionists and socialists, united by the goal of changing the British Parliament to represent the interests of everybody. For many years the new organisation struggled to take root in the British political system. Labour's leaders worked closely with the 1906-14 Liberal Governments, and relied on their majority to agree measures to help Labour, such as the Trade Disputes Act of 1906. In 1906 a Liberal government was elected and they introduced a number of reforms. Liberal Party split in 1916, the Labour Party was well placed to make a challenge for power. There were minority Labour governments in 1924 and 1929-1931 but Labour did not win an overall majority in parliament until 1945. ======

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-In the 1901 power in Britain changed hand when the Great Queen Victoria died and Edward VII was next in line and became King. In 1911 the National Insurance Act gave workers insurance during illness and unemployment. So then in 1914 World War I started there for the goverment was struggling in trying to keep the county running. Britain was affected by mass unemployment due to depression, and wages fel ======

-**Communism/Socialism**

 * ======__Communism:__ A theory of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being as cribed to the community as a whole. Communism was one of the defining movements of the 20th century and one unique in its international scope and political ambitions. Dissolution of the Communist Party of Great Britain in 1991. ======
 * ======__Socialism:__ A theory of social organization that advocates the vesting of the ownership and control of the means of production and distribution, of capital, land , in the community as a whole . Socialists believed the state should own industry and land. They also believed in economic equality. Wealth should be distributed to give everyone an equal share. However in the end socialism proved to be a failure. ======

**Major Themes**

**-World War I**
**Minor**
 * ======WWI started August 1914 and ended inNovember 1918. Between the Allies which was Britain, France and Russia and Central Powers which was Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy. During this time almost 1 million young Britians were killed. At the end of WWI the Parliamentary Act was past. These ables all men over the age of 21 to vote and most women over the age of 29 to vote. ======

-**World War II**

 * ======Britain entered World War II on September 3, 1939 until 1940. During most of 1940 and much of 1941 Hitler launched bombing attacks on London and many other English cities. It soon became clear that Germany was unable to invade Britain. At that point Hitler backed off and England was able leave the war. ======
 * -Rights **

**womens rights **

 * Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU), was formed 1904. In 1913 the government passed the Cat and Mouse Act which allowed them to release hunger strikers then arrest them again when they recovered. In 1914 women were a major part of Britain's workforce but they were its drudges, doing jobs for low wages.WWI really help in the movement of womens rights, it opend up a lot of job opportunities for many women, who replaced the millions of men sent to fight on the Western Front and other places. The war provided opportunities for change. In addition, women who would never have dreamt of working had both the desire to ‘do their bit’ and the opportunities to do it. After the end of World War I a Parliamentary Act (1918) extended the right to vote to all men over 21 and to most women over 29. 1918 in Britain women over 30 were allowed to vote.
 * <span style="font-family: georgia,serif;">__Women in Power:__ Nancy Astor on 1st December 1919 became the first woman to take her seat in the House of Commons, the first woman to be elected was Constance Markievicz in 1918.<span style="font-family: georgia,serif;">Markievicz, like many feminists, was highly critical that a woman who had not been part of the suffrage campaign had been elected to parliament. In 1929 Margaret Bondfield became the first female cabinet minister of labour. unfortunately, she supported Macdonald’s betrayal of Labour in 1930 when he formed the National (Tory) government in that year. 1979 Margaret Thatcher became the first female Prime Minister.Margaret Thatcher challenged Heath for the leadership of the party and, to the surprise of many, won. In the 1979 general election, the Conservatives came to power and Margaret Thatcher became the first female Prime Minister.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">H. G. Wells

 * ======<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">In 1895 Wells established himself as a novelist in 1895 with his science fiction story, //The Time Machine//. This was followed by two more successful novels, //The Island of Dr. Moreau// (1896) and //The War of the Worlds// (1898). ======

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">George Bernard Shaw

 * ======<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Shaw deserves a mention for his willingness to take on the establishment (he was the only leading UK writer who was not asked to become a member of the War Propaganda Bureau during the First World War). ======

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">John Maynard Keynes

 * ======<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Keynes is the most important economist writing during this period. He was one of many that rea ======

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">James Joyce

 * ======<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Irish novelist, noted for his experimental use of language in such works as //Ulysses// (1922) and //Finnegans Wake// (1939). Joyce's technical innovations in the art of the novel include an extensive use of interior monologue; he used a complex network of symbolic parallels drawn from the mythology, history, and literature, and created a unique language of invented words, puns, and allusions. ======

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Joseph Conrad

 * ======<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Conrad is regarded as one of the great novelists in English, although he did not speak the language fluently until he was in his twenties and then always with a marked Polish accent. He wrote stories and novels, predominantly with a nautical setting, that depict trials of the human spirit by the demands of duty and honour. ======

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">George Orwell

 * ======<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">George Orwell was an English author and journalist. His work is marked by keen intelligence and wit, a profound awareness of social injustice, an intense opposition to totalitarianism, a passion for clarity in language and a belief in democratic socialism. ======

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Ford Maddox Ford

 * ======<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Ford was an English novelist, poet, critic and editor whose journals, //The English Review// and //The Transatlantic Review//, were instrumental in the development of early 20th-century English literature. ======

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">D.H. Lawrence

 * ======<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Lawrence was an English novelist, poet, playwright, essayist, literary critic and painter who published as D. H. Lawrence. His collected works represent an extended reflection upon the dehumanising effects of modernity and industrialisation. In them, Lawrence confronts issues relating to emotional health and vitality, spontaneity, and instinct. ======

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Evelyn Waugh

 * ======<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Waugh was an English writer of novels, travel books and biographies. He was also a prolific journalist and reviewer. His best-known works include his early satires //Decline and Fall// (1928) and //A Handful of Dust// (1934), his novel //Brideshead Revisited// (1945) and his trilogy of Second World War novels collectively known as //Sword of Honour// (1952–61). Waugh is widely recognised as one of the great prose stylists of the 20th century. ======

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Virginia Woolf

 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Woolf an English author, essayist, publisher, and writer of short stories, regarded as one of the foremost modernist literary figures of the twentieth century.

**<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Anotated Bibliogrophy **
<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Aldington, Richared//. War and Love//. England: Four Seas, 1919


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">//War and Love//, was a easy to read poem. Like in the title you can see that the poem was based off of WWI that had just ended at this time. A lot of Aldington, writting was based off of the war or was affected by it.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">De La Mare, Walter//. Someone//. London: Hardcourt Brace and Company, 1920


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">//Someone//, is a very up beat poem. So when reading it, it is almost like you are singing a song. De La Mare was known for writting a lot of his poems in a music form. I love reading this one so I went on and read some more and they were good as well.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Ford, Ford Madox. //A House//(part one). England: Hardcourt Brace and Company, 1914


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Let just say that this is quite a long poem, so if you really like poetry then you should love this one. The poem really tells a story like most poems do but this one is differnt you can really see what ever thing that is in this poem has had to go through. I really liked it and would tell anyone to read it.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Huxley, Aldous. //Brave New World.// London: Chatto and Windus, 1932.
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">//Brave New World// was a book for the ages. After Huxley wrote people were actully kind of scared that wld could turn out like that some day. I don't think that any one wanted there to be no more mothers and that babies were being trained to hate flowers and bunnies. Still it is a cool book to read and I would read it again sometime.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Joyce, James. //I Hear an Army//. London: Hardcourt Brace and Company, 1920


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">//I Hear an Army//, is a great peice of poetry even though James Joyce was not known for his poems and I am not one to read a lot of it. When reading this and if you know much about how the two sides fought in WWI this peom really does a great job in explain how somethings happend.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Lawrence, D.H. //Wedding Morn//. London: Chapman and Hall, 1922


 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The poem through out seems very well in dout. Unlike the title you see morn and that really isn't a good thing to think about. All seems very happy till you get to the end of the poem because what most people see as with marriage comes joy but so does misery.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Masefield, John//. The Window in the Bye Street.// London: The Riverside Press, 1912
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">One of John Masefeild's most famous poems.Many people liked it because it is touching to the heart. The poem is really long but easy to read. Jonh was also known for his novels they are good as well.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Noyes, Alfred//. Forest of Wild Thyme.// England: William Blackwood and Sons, 1905 <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Thomas, Dylan. //Do not go gentle into that good night//. England: Botteghe Oscure,1951
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Like many of Noyes poems //Forest of Wild Thymes// was popular because the style in which it is written. The style is easy to read and understand. Really the title kind of makes you think that the poem is going to be instince and thrilling but really it isnt.
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Do not go gentle into that good night, is without a dout Dylan Thomas's most famous poem. He wrote this peom in the final stages of his fathers illness. So it is seen as a very heart felt and touching peom. If you get the chance read it.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Woolf, Virginia.//To the Lighthouse.//Hogarth Press 1926, London
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">This novel was written after both WWI and WWII. Woolf was a very famous author in this time period and this book was her most famous. //To the Lighthouse// was really based off of what happend after the wars ended, like where did all the soliders go after they were done fighting.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Yeats,William Butler. //When You are Old.// London: //The Rose// in 1903
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">This Poem was written late in Yeats life. Popular with older people because they wish to pass the same way. The poem was very soft in tone so it was relaxing to read. I would diffently say that everyone should read this poem at some point int time in their lives.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">
Cohan, George M. "Over There." //World War I and the Jazz Age//. Woodbridge, CT: Primary Source Media, 1999. American Journey. //Gale Student Resources In Context//. Web. 16 Dec. 2011.

"Communism." //U*X*L Encyclopedia of U.S. History//. Sonia Benson, Daniel E. Brannen, Jr., and Rebecca Valentine. Ed. Lawrence W. Baker and Sarah Hermsen. 2009. //Gale Student Resources In Context//. Web. 16 Dec. 2011.

Esenwein, George. "Socialism." //New Dictionary of the History of Ideas//. Ed. Maryanne Cline Horowitz. 2005. //Gale Student Resources In Context//. Web. 16 Dec. 2011.

"Isolationism //(Issue)//." //Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. Economic History//. Ed. Thomas Carson and Mary Bonk. 1999. //Gale Student Resources In Context//. Web. 16 Dec. 2011.

Johnson, George M. "'Purgatorial Passions': 'The Ghost' (a.k.a. Wilfred Owen) in Owen's Poetry." //The Midwest Quarterly// 2010 //Gale Student Resources In Context//. Web. 16 Dec. 2011.

"League of Nations." //Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. History//: //War//. 2009. //Gale Student Resources In Context//. Web. 16 Dec. 2011.

"Socialism." //Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. Economic History//. Ed. Thomas Carson and Mary Bonk. 1999. //Gale Student Resources In Context//. Web. 16 Dec. 2011.

"Socialism." //Political Theories for Students//. Ed. Matthew Miskelly and Jaime Noce. 2002. //Gale Student Resources In Context//. Web. 16 Dec. 2011.

"United Kingdom." //Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations Online//. Ed. Timothy L. Gall and Jeneen M. Hobby. 2009. //Gale Student Resources In Context//. Web. 16 Dec. 2011.

"//World War II: Background to Involvement//, 1939-1945." //DISCovering U.S. History//. 1997. //Gale Student Resources In Context//. Web. 16 Dec. 2011.